Comprehensive approach to the utilisation of technogenic waste from the mineral resource complex

The research is devoted to solving the urgent issue of useful utilization of largetonnage technogenic wastes of the mineral and processing industry. The object of the study is a waste of phosphate raw materials processing — phosphogypsum. Its main composition is CaSO4•2H2O. The complex of methods used includes patent information analysis of the issue, laboratory methods for studying the composition and properties of waste, as well as experimental studies of the phosphogypsum processing using equipment from an accredited laboratory of the Collective Use Center of the St. Petersburg Mining University. In the course of the research, the analysis of the fresh and stale phosphogypsum material composition was carried out. It was also confirmed that the phosphogypsum composition due to its technogenic origin has a number of differences in comparison with natural gypsum-containing raw materials. First of all, this is the presence of heavy metals oxides and valuable components, such as rare earth elements. The influence of phosphogypsum stacks on environmental is considered. Most of them are objects of accumulated environmental harm and represent a source of complex negative impact on the atmosphere, soil, underground and surface waters. A critical analysis of methods for the phosphogypsum utilization has been carried out. The most effective direction is carbonate conversion of phosphogypsum to phosphochalk. It will simultaneously achieve a decrease in the stored waste volume. This method also will ensure comprehensive processing with the extraction of valuable components of the waste. The carbonate conversion in the production cycle can also be accompanied by the utilization of industrial flue gases containing CO2. It would help to reduce the carbon footprint of the enterprise.

Litvinova T. E., Suchkov D. V. Comprehensive approach to the utilisation of technogenic waste from the mineral resource complex. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2022;(6— 1):331—348. [In Russ]. DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2022_61_0_331.

The research was performed at the expense of the subsidy for the state assignment in the field of scientific activity for 2021 № FSRW-2020—0014.

Litvinova T. E., Holder of an Advanced Doctorate in Technical Sciences, Docent, Professor at the Department of Physical Chemistry, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0133-3400, Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, 199106, 2, 21st Line, Russia, e-mail: litvinova_te@pers.spmi.ru
Suchkov D. V., postgraduate student at the Department of Geoecology, http://orcid.org/00000002-5813-615X, Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, 199106, 2, 21st Line, Russia, e-mail: s205055@stud.spmi.ru

Suchkov D. V., e-mail: s205055@stud.spmi.ru.

1. Karapetian K., Dzhevaga N. Modern technologies of complex processing of phosphates. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2017, no. 12 (15), pp. 4588—4594.

2. Karapetian K., Dzhevaga N. Technology of processing of apatites in the production of fused phosphates as modern highly effective fertilizers. International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM. 2017, Vol. 17 (51), pp. 939—946. DOI 10.5593/ sgem2017/51/S20.027

3. Goncharov V. M., Skorikov S. V. Problems and ways of utilization of phosphogypsum with the development of effective technologies and new building materials with appropriate consumer characteristics, Eurasian Union of Scientists. 2014. Vol. 7—1, pp. 50—52. [in Russ].

4. Mirsaev R. N., Babkov V. V., Yunusova S. S., Kuznecov L. K., Nedoseko I. V., Gabitov A. I. Phosphogypsum waste from the chemical industry in the production of wall products, Moscow: Moscow «Chemistry», 2004, 196 p. [in Russ].

5. Zhao H., Li H., Bao W., Wang C., Li S., Lin W. Experimental study of enhanced phosphogypsum carbonation with ammonia under increased CO2 pressure. Journal of CO2 Utilization. 2015, Vol.11, pp. 10—19.

6. Kapustin F. L., Afanasyeva M. A., Features of the composition and properties of the phosphogypsum processing product, Innovations in materials science and metallurgy: materials of the IV International interactive scientific-practical conference. Yekaterinburg, 2015, pp. 401—404. [in Russ].

7. Meshcheryakov Yu. G., Fedorov S. V. Industrial processing of phosphogypsum, Saint Petersburg: Publishing house «Stroyizdat SPb», 2007, 104 p. [in Russ].

8. Myrzakhmetov B. A, Sholak A. Chemical composition of phosphogypsum and a complex method of its processing, Modern trends in the development of science and production: Collection of materials of the II International scientific and practical conference. Tambov, 2015, pp. 67—71. [in Russ].

9. Plyatsuk L. D., Chernysh E. Yu., Yakhnenko E. N., Trunova I. A. A systematic approach to environmental monitoring in the area of phosphogypsum dumps, Ecological Bulletin. 2015, no. 4 (34), pp. 77—84. [in Russ].

10. Contreras M., Pérez-López R., Gázquez M. J., Morales-Flórez V., Santos A., Esquivias L., Bolívar J. P. Fractionation and fluxes of metals and radionuclides during the recycling process of phosphogypsum wastes applied to mineral CO₂ sequestration. Waste Management. 2015, Vol. 45, pp. 412—419. DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.046.

11. Grabas K., Pawełczyk A., Stręk W., Szełęg E., Stręk S. Study on the Properties of Waste Apatite Phosphogypsum as a Raw Material of Prospective Applications. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2019, Vol.10, pp. 3143–3155. DOI 10.1007/s12649-018-0316-8.

12. El-Didamony H., Gado H. S., Awwad N. S., Fawzy M. M., Attallah M. F. Treatment of phosphogypsum waste produced from phosphate ore processing. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2013, Vol.15, pp. 244—245:596—602. DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.053.

13. Danilov A. S., Smirnov Y. D., Pashkevich M. A. Use of biological adhesive for effective dust suppression in mining operations. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2015, Vol. 16(5), pp. 9—14. DOI 10.12911/22998993/60448.

14. Sizyakov V. M., Brichkin V. N., Kawalla R. Geochemical aspects of the mining and processing of the large-tonne mineral resources of the hibinian alkaline massif. Chemie der Erde Geochemistry. 2019, Vol. 80 (3), pp. 125506. DOI 10.1016/j.chemer.2019.04.002.

15. Litvinova T, Kashurin R, Zhadovskiy I, Gerasev S. The Kinetic Aspects of the Dissolution of Slightly Soluble Lanthanoid Carbonates. Metals. 2021; no. 11(11), p. 1793. DOI 10.3390/met11111793.

16. Korotaeva A. E., Pashkevich M. A. Spectrum survey data application in ecological monitoring of aquatic vegetation. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2021, no. 5, pp. 231—244 [In Russ]. DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2021_52_0_231.

17. Korobanova T. N. The monitoring of dangerous geodynamic processes during the dump’s formation in Balakovo («Apatit»). Mining informational and analytical bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2015, no. 4, pp. 405—408. [in Russ].

18. Mayorova L. P., Cherentsova A. A., Krupskaya L. T., Golubev D. A., Kolobanov K. A. Evaluation of technogenic pollution of the air basin during dusting of tailings. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2021, no. 1, pp. 5–20. [in Russ]. DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2021-1-0—5-20.

19. Usikov V. I., Lipina L. N., Aleksandrov A. V., Korneeva S. I. Assessment of the impact of mining waste on the environment using GIS technologies. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2019, no. 12, pp. 114–126. [in Russ]. DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2019-12—0-114—126.

20. Petrov D. S., Danilov A. S. Analysis and assessment of the hydrochemical conditions of flooded phosphate rock quarries. Water and ecology. 2020, no. 3 (83), pp. 63—69. DOI 10.23968/2305—3488.2020.25.3.63—69. [in Russ].

21. Pisarev S. V., Frolov K. A. Phosphogypsum granulate as a substitute for gypsum stone when grinding cement clinker, XL International Scientific and Practical Conference «Innovations in Science». Novosibirsk, 2012, Vol. 12, pp. 133—139. [in Russ].

22. Kolokol’nikov V.A., Titov V. M., Shatov A.A. Patent RU 2258036, 09.06.2004. [in Russ].

23. Akhmetov A. S., Dmitrieva N. V. The use of phosphogypsum in road construction, Tekhnologiya mineral’nykh udobreniy, 1992, pp. 113—115. [in Russ].

24. Kutepova N. A., Kutepov Yu. I., Kudashov E. S., Danilyev S. M. Study of the strength of phosphogypsum with impurities of nepheline sludge in the structures of enclosing gypsum storage dams. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2020, no. 10, pp. 67–78. [in Russ]. DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2020-10—0-67—78.

25. Sverguzova S. V., Tarasova G. I., Chernysheva N. V., Mtibaa M. Non-fired method of processing phosphogypsum, Belgorod: Publishing house of BSTU, 2009, 142 p. [in Russ].

26. Gorakh S. B., Madhav B. K., Amarsinh B. L. Review of Effective Utilization of Waste Phosphogypsum as a Building Material. International Journal of Engineering Research. 2016, Vol. 5(1), pp. 277—280.

27. Kalinichenko V. P. Effective use of phosphogypsum in agriculture, Pitaniye rasteniy. 2017, Vol. 1, pp. 2—33 [in Russ].

28. Petrova, T. A., Rudzisha, E., Alekseenko, A. V., Bech, J., Pashkevich, M. A. Rehabilitation of Disturbed Lands with Industrial Wastewater Sludge. Minerals. 2022, Vol. 12 (3), pp. 1—19. [in Russ].DOI 10.3390/min12030376.

29. Matveeva V., Lytaeva T., Danilov A. Application of steel-smelting slags as material for reclamation of degraded lands. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2018, Vol. 19(6), pp. 97—103. DOI 10.12911/22998993/93511

30. Podbiera-Matysik K., Gorazda K., Wzorek Z. The ways of rare earth elements applications and obtaining. Tech. Trans. 2012, Vol. 16, pp. 147—156.

31. Bashlykova T. V., Valkov A. V., Petrov V. I. Extraction of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum and gold mining waste, Non-ferrous metals. 2012, Vol. 3, pp. 40—42. [in Russ].

32. Lokshin E. P., Kolinnikov V. T., Ivlev K. G., Levin B. V., Pogrebnyak O. S. Patent RU 2225892, 20.02.2007. [in Russ].

33. Abramov Ya.K., Veselov V. M., Zalevskij V. M., Argunov N. D., Gukasov N. A., Bogdanova L. P., Motovilova L. V., Tamurka V. G., Evdokimov V. D. Patent RU 2412265, 16.07.2009. [in Russ].

34. Brückner L., Tobias E., Thomas S. Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from PhosphoGypsum: Concentrate Digestion, Leaching, and Purification. Metals. 2020, 10, no. 1, pp. 131. DOI 10.3390/met10010131

35. Naymanbayev, M. A., Baltabekova Zh. A., Lohova N. G. Complex use of phosphogypsum, Gornyy zhurnal Kazakhstana. 2009, Vol. 7, pp. 28–29.

36. Saykina O. Yu., Yurasova O. V. Sorption extraction of rare earth metals in the process of phosphogypsum processing, International scientific research journal. 2016, Vol. 7—4 (49), pp. 107—111. [in Russ].

37. Savoyskaya E. V. Development prospects and economic efficiency of the use of material and raw materials, Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. 2017, Vol. 17 (2), pp. 122—127. [in Russ].

38. Strizhenok A., Tcvetkov P. Ecology-economical assessment of new reclamation method for currently working technogenic massifs. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2017, Vol. 18 (1), pp. 58—64. DOI 10.12911/22998993/66251.

39. Shang Q. L., Pei Q. L., Su F. W. Preparation of Nano-CaCO3 from Phosphogypsum by Gas–Liquid–Solid Reaction for CO2 Sorption. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2016, Vol. 55 (38), pp. 10172–10177. DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02551.

40. Gorbachev Ye. V., Mil’berger T. G., Akhmedov S. N., Afanas’yev A. Yu. Patent RU 2680589, 24.05. 2018. [in Russ].

41. Lamp V. N., Abashkina T. F., Oderberg A. S., Brizitskaya N. M. Patent SU 715468, 21.04.1977. [in Russ].

42. Ennaciri Y., Mouahid F. E., Bendriss A., Bettach M. Conversion of phosphogypsum to potassium sulfate and calcium carbonate in aqueous solution. MATEC Web of Conferences. Maroc, 2013, Vol. 5, pp. 3. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20130504006.

43. Altiner M. Effect of Alkaline Types on the Production of Calcium Carbonate Particles from Gypsum Waste for Fixation of CO2 by Mineral Carbonation. International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization. 2018, pp. 113—131. DOI: 10.1080/19392699.2018.1452739.

44. Pyagay I. N. Block processing of bauxite sludge from alumina production, Nonferrous metals. 2016, no. 7 (883), pp. 43—51. DOI 10.17580 / tsm.2016.07.05. [in Russ].

45. Pyagai I. N. Experience in processing red mud to obtain a number of valuable elements (Sc, Zr, Y) and iron-containing raw materials for ferrous metallurgy, Ferrous metals. 2019, no. 1, pp. 49—54. [in Russ].

46. Sizyakov V. M., Nutrikhina S. V., Levin B. V. Technology of complex processing of phosphogypsum by the conversion method with the production of ammonium sulfate, phosphomelt and new products, Zapiski Gornogo instituta. 2012, Vol.197, pp. 239—244. [in Russ].

47. Kazak V. G., Dolgov V. V., Brizickaya N. M., Malyavin A. S., Bukkolini N. V., Pagalyoshkin D. A., Cikin M. N. Patent EU 015407, 04.06.2009. [in Russ].

48. Ilyinova A. A., Romasheva N. V., Stroykov G. A. Prospects and social effects of projects for sequestration and use of carbon dioxide, Zapiski Gornogo instituta. 2020, Vol. 244, pp. 493—502. DOI 10.31897 / PMI.2020.4.12. [in Russ].

49. Peristyi V. A., Goldovskaya-Peristaya L. F., Prokhorova G. V. Utilization of citrogypsum of citric acid production waste, Regional’nyye geosistemy. 2008, Vol. 6, no. 3 (43). [in Russ].