Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень. Mining informational and analytical bulletin. №1/2014

ТИТУЛЬНЫЕ СТРАНИЦЫ

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ



ПОДЗЕМНАЯ РАЗРАБОТКА МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ
Underground mining


ДЁМИН В.Ф., ДЁМИНА Т.В. ОЦЕНКА ПАРАМЕТРОВ ДЕФЕКТНОСТИ ПОДГОТОВИТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЫРАБОТОК В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ГОРНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ

Рост глубины горных работ и уход от первоначальной отработки запасов, залегающих в более благоприятных условиях эксплуатации влечет за собой развитие ежегодное осложняющих факторов ведения горных работ. Факторами, сдерживающие достижение показателей по добыче угля являются неучет условий эксплуатации выработок, крепления и его несоответствия горнотехническим условиям. Сравнительный анализ дефектности выработок по шахтам Угольного департамента показывает рост аварийности при ведении горных работ. Разработанные угольным департаментом технологические меры, направлены на увеличение нагрузки и снижение себестоимости угля. Одним из рациональных путей улучшения состояния выработок и экономии материальных ресурсов является применение обоснованных параметров крепи. Широкое применение надежного крепления ограничивается недостаточной изученностью геомеханических процессов вблизи выработок. Применение сталеполимерных анкеров целесообразно в сложных горно-геологических и горно-технических условиях разработки.
Ключевые слова: подземные горные работы, анкерная крепь, факторы, эффективность, исследования, горно-геологические и горнотехнические условия разработки, технологические схемы, проведение горных выработок, виды крепления, уровень технических характеристик.

DEMIN V.F., DEMINA T.V. ESTIMATE OF DAMAGE PARAMETERS IN DEVELOPMENT ENTRIES DEPENDING ON MINE-TECHNICAL AND OPERATION CONDITIONS
Deep-level mining and deterioration of mining conditions permanently complicate mining. Coal extraction is restrained by the neglect of mine operation conditions, or by inappropriate support and its mismatch with the mine-technical conditions. Comparative analysis of damage rate in the mines of the Coal Department yields the accident risk growth in the mines. The Coal Department has developed engineering provisions towards higher coal extraction capacity and lower coal production cost. One the ways of improving mine working conditions and cutting down material resources is the use of the duly substantiated support. Reliability of underground excavation support is narrowed due to insufficient study of geomechanical processes in the vicinity of mine workings. The authors think it is advisable to use steel-polymer rock bolts in complicated mining-and-geological and mine-technical conditions.
Key words: underground mining, rock bolting, factors, efficiency, studies, mining-and-geological and mine-technical conditions, process flow sheets, drivage, types of support, technical performance level.


ДАНИЯРОВ Н.А. СТРУКТУРНАЯ СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦИЯ СРЕДСТВ И СИСТЕМ МЕХАНИЗАЦИИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ПОДЗЕМНОЙ РАЗРАБОТКИ РУДНЫХ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ
Разработана структурная классификация и проведён анализ систем и средств механизации, что позволяет упорядочить все конструктивное разнообразие применяемого самоходного оборудования по функциональному признаку; определять место и роль каждой машины в такой сложной иерархической системе, как производственный процесс, с учётом существующих функциональных связей между техническими средствами; осуществлять выбор на основе сравнения наиболее приемлемой для данных условий эксплуатации структурной схемы, а также определять пути дальнейшего развития систем и средств механизации в конструктивном и технологическом плане.
Ключевые слова: структурная классификация, средства механизации, подземная разработка, добычные агрегаты.

DANIYAROV N.A. STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF MECHANIZING METHODS AND MEANS FOR UNDERGROUND ORE MINE PROCESS FLOWS
The developed structural classification and analysis of mechanizing methods and means enable: ranking of multivarious self-propelled equipment designs by functional features; designating position and purpose of every machine inside the complex hierarchy of the industrial process, considering functional relations of equipment; selecting the most suitable functional chart under given operation conditions; and identifying further development policy for the mechanization means in terms of design and technology.
The structure of combinations of mechanizing means and methods for underground ore mining depends on mining-and-geological and mine-technical factors, organizational issues, types of equipment in operation, etc. The common condition for underground mine machine complexes is operation in the drilling-and-blasting affected environment.
From analysis, the key classification feature is the functional criterion that allows an ore mining process to be divided into operations, each representing nearly uniform activity and a virtually accomplished stage.
Key words: structural classification, mechanizing means, underground mining, mining alternatives.

ПРОКОПОВА М.В., ТКАЧЕВА К.Э. О СОСТОЯНИИ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНЫХ СТВОЛОВ УГОЛЬНЫХ ШАХТ ДОНБАССА
Произведен сравнительный анализ данных о состоянии вертикальных стволов угольных шахт Российского и Украинского Донбасса. Представлены результаты анализа горно-геологических условий, усложняющихся с увеличением глубины разработки полезного ископаемого. Выявлены причины нарушения крепи и армировки стволов. Определены основные направления совершенствования схем и способов реконструкции стволов.
Ключевые слова: вертикальный ствол, крепь, армировка, реконструкция.

PROKOPOVA M.V. ABOUT THE CONDITION OF VERTICAL SHAFT COAL MINES DONBASS
The comparative analysis of data about a condition of vertical shaft of collieries of the Russian and Ukrainian Donbass is made. Results of the analysis of the mountain-geological conditions which are becoming complicated with increase of depth of development of a mineral are presented. The reasons of infringement set and reinforcement trunks are revealed. The basic directions of perfection of schemes and ways of reconstruction of shafts are certain.
By the research data of the State Research Institute of Organization and Mechanization of Mine Construction, amount of shafts with damaged support and armoring grows in mines of Donbass.
The article presents the curves of the stability criteria, depth and calculated compression strength for mine shafts located beyond aquifers and zones of influence of stopes in flat dipping deposits.
The data analysis yields basic causes of damage of the support and armoring in vertical mine shafts. As mining goes to deeper level, impairment of mine shaft support and armoring worsen as the host rock stability decreases and mining-and-geological conditions complicate (increased ground pressures, higher water inflow). It is therefore urgent to design and improve reconditioning schemes and methods for vertical shafts.
Key words: vertical shaft, set, reinforcement, reconstruction.

ТУРТЫГИНА Н.А. ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТА ГРАНУЛОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЙ СЕГРЕГАЦИИ ПРИ ДОБЫЧИ ВКРАПЛЕННЫХ РУД
Статья написана в результате выполнения специальных производственных исследований рудопотока на руднике «Заполярный», на основании расчетных данных выполнена оценка состояния технологической изменчивости качества бедных медно-никелевых руд и выявлено явление гранулометрической сегрегации качества руды.
Ключевые слова: руда, качество, сегрегация, состав, рудник.

TURTIGINANA N.A. INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF SEGREGATION OF POOR COPPER-NICKEL ORES
The article is written in result of the implementation of the special industrial research of ore-flow at the Zapolyarny mine, on the basis of design data the estimation of the state of technological variability poor quality copper-nickel ores and revealed phenomenon texture segregation of ore quality.
Key words: terms: Ore, quality, segregation, composition, mine



ОТКРЫТЫЕ ГОРНЫЕ РАБОТЫ
Open-cast


ХРУНИНА Н.П., ПОДШИВАЛОВ В.С., БОГОМЯКОВ Р.В. ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЫСОКОГЛИНИСТЫХ ЗОЛОТОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПЕСКОВ РОССЫПНОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ КОЛЧАН

Приведены результаты исследований высокоглинистых песков, которые позволили оценить возможность их дезинтеграции нетрадиционными методами. Установлено, что пески имеют участки с весьма сложными для разупрочнения глинистыми составляющими, которые не смогут быть дезинтегрированы с помощью известных технологий.
Ключевые слова: дезинтеграция, влажность, волновое сопротивление, интенсивность.

KHRUNINA N.P., PODSHIVALOV V.S., BOGOMYKOV R.V. SANDS OF CLAYEY OF ALLUVIAL GOLD OF KOLCHAN FIELD RESEARCH
Results research of the sands of clayey which allow to appraise to opportunity theirs disintegration of not traditional methods are shown. The sands have the parts with very complicate for destruction clayey, which couldn't be disintegration with the help of known technologies are determined.
Based on the experimental data and calculated Lame constants and particle velocity amplitudes in waves, the author obtains the values of elastic oscillation intensity I [2] (at initial moment) to be sufficient to maintain relative strain |S|=10-4 in placer gold for gold disintegration.
The research findings on physico-mechanical properties, grain size and fractional composition of the Kolchan placer gold showed that all samples had increased content (from 42.2 to 47.1%) of fine-dispersed clay particles (under 5 µm).
It has been found advisable to intensify the placer gold disintegration by additional wave treatment, especially on site no. 2. The rational parameters of the elastic oscillation intensity are defined at the early stage wave treatment of placer gold.
Key words: disintegration, humidity, resistance of wave, intensity.



ОБОГАЩЕНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНЫХ ИСКОПАЕМЫХ
Enrichment of minerals


КЛЫКОВ Ю.Г., ГУРИЕВ Т.С. ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ГРАНУЛОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ИЗМЕЛЬЧЕННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА НА ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ ДЕЗИНТЕГРАЦИИ

Рассмотрены зависимости влияния крупности измельченного материала и его удельной поверхности на величину энергопотребления процесса измельчения.
Ключевые слова: измельчение, гранулометрический состав, деформация, энергопотребление.

KLYKOV YU.G., GURIEV T.S. EFFECT OF GRAIN SIZE COMPOSITION OF GROUND MATERIAL ON ENERGY PARAMETERS OF THE MATERIAL DISINTEGRATION
The curves of the ground material size, particle specific surface and grinding energy demand are analyzed.
Energy necessary to produce partial yield of each size, either “plus” or “minus,” is found.
The first case estimation was aimed at energy spent to crush all coarse sizes of original material to produce one fine size of end product.
In the second case, energy spent for crushing one large size of original material to obtain all fine sizes of end product was determined.
The found partial energies are the components of the total energy; their analysis yields distribution of disintegration energy.
The study source data are the data of experimental grinding of quartz and complex ore in centrifugal mills.
The developed software program allows evaluation of the specific surface increment for each size grade particles and the specific surface for each size grade of the original material and end product at energy consumption minimum.
Key words: grinding, grain size composition, deformation, energy consumption.


КОЗЛОВ В.А., НОВАК В.И., ПИКАЛОВ М.Ф. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ РАБОТЫ ТЯЖЕЛОСРЕДНЫХ ГИДРОЦИКЛОНОВ БОЛЬШОГО ДИАМЕТРА
Рассмотрены результаты моделирования работы тяжелосредных гидроциклонов большого диаметра, выполненного в рамках исследовательской программы Угольной Ассоциации Австралии (ACARP) и Научного совета Австралии (АRC) в 2008-2010 гг.
Ключевые слова: обогащение угля, тяжелосредный гидроциклон, гранулометрический класс угля, плотность разделения, погрешность разделения.

KOZLOV V.A., NOVAK V.I., PIKALOV M.F. LARGE-DIAMETER DENSE-MEDIUM HYDROCYCLONE OPERATION MODELING
The article reviews the results of large-diameter dense-medium hydrocyclone operation modeling in the framework of the Australia Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) and Australia Research Council (ARC) in 2008—2010.
The studies show that small-diameter, 610—760 mm, hydrocyclones are more effective in separation of coal particles of small size, down to 0.25 mm. Therefore, the authors [1] describe a concept of simple approach to simultaneous increase in output and efficiency of hydrocyclones by combining hydrocyclones of large and small diameter.
The fundamental approach to modeling hydrocyclone operation assumes correct understanding of dense-medium cyclone (DMC) operation, overcoming of difficulties, and accurate measurement of its operation parameters.
The discussed project involved over 100 alternative models, each for different set of geometry and operation conditions for DMC. As a result, using the databases, the multivariate model has been developed and produced simplified relations of the geometry and operation parameters.
The studies point out that high output and high efficiency of medium density separation in hydrocyclones are the mutually exclusive characteristics. In any case, it is feasible to gain from the high output and efficiency of hydrocyclones by combining large-size DMC for coarse particles and small-diameter DMC for fine particles.
Key words: coal preparation, dense-medium hydrocyclone, coal grain size, separation density, separation error.


МИШУРИНА О.А., МЕДЯНИК Н.Л. ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ МАРГАНЦА ИЗ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ГИДРОРЕСУРСОВ ГОКОВ МЕДНОКОЛЧЕДАННЫХ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ
Рассмотрен вопрос разработки ресурсовоспроизводящей технологии переработки марганецсодержащих гидроминеральных ресурсов. Приведены результаты исследований электрофлотационного извлечения марганца в виде дисперсной фазы Mn (III, IV) из технических растворов.
Ключевые слова: ресурсовоспроизводящая технология, марганец, электрофлотационное извлечение, параметра процесса.

MISHURINA O.A., MEDYANIK N.L. ELECTROFLOTATION EXTRACTION OF MANGANESE FROM THE HYDRO-TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF THE MINING WORKS
The article is devoted to an urgent problem of the working out of saving resources technology of manganese containing hydro-mineral resources processing. Here are given the results of investigations of electroflotation extraction of manganese dispersed phase Mn (III,IV) from the technical mortars.
The analytical examination of acid mine water at mining-and-processing works located in the southern Urals showed high content of copper, zinc, and iron, as well as high content of Mn (II) ions, which allowed assuming the acid mine water the mine-generated source of manganese compounds. Currently, it is urgent to find alternative sources of different manganese compounds widely used in metallurgical and other industries in Russia.
The present article, based on the quantitative anion composition of acid mine water, proposes to extract Mn (II) from the waters using the combination of two electrochemical methods-electric coagulation and electric flotation. The fusion of the sedimentation-flotation processes will yield high figures of manganese extraction from acid water in the form of salable product.
Based on the theoretical and experimental research, the process flow sheet of selective manganese extraction from process water of mining-and-processing integrated works has been developed and approved in terms of dump water of the Buribaevsky MPIW JSC. Scaled-up laboratory tests of the three basic stages of the flow sheet, namely, casehardening, acid-base sedimentation and electric flotation, allowed finding optimum parameters of selective extraction of copper, iron and manganese from acid dump water.
Key words: resources technology, manganese, electroflotation extraction, parameters process.

НЕСТЕРОВ Ю.В., ФИЛИППОВ А.П. ОБ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ДИОКСИДА СЕРЫ ДЛЯ ВЫЩЕЛАЧИВАНИЯ УРАНА
Рассмотрен способ повышения полноты извлечения урана из руд и интенсификации процессов его выщелачивания.
Ключевые слова: извлечения урана, выщелачивание, окисление, сульфидное сырьё, трехвалентное железо.

NESTEROV YU.V., FILIPPOV A.P. URANIUM LEACHING USING SULFUR DIOXIDE
The authors discuss the method of improvement of uranium extraction and its leaching intensification.
Towards higher silver extraction during heap leaching, it was suggested [3] to pre-remove manganese by treating ore by SO2 solutions. SO2 may also work as an oxidizer: in terms of the autoclave leaching of the Filizchaisky deposit pyrrhotine ore, it has been illustrated how oxygen can be replaced by SO2 as the sulfide sulfur oxidizer.
It is a promising way to use mixtures of SO2 and O2 (in the form of atmospheric oxygen) as an oxidizer for hydrometallurgical uranium, especially in heap and underground sulfuric-acid leaching of uranium with participation of variable valency metal ions as accelerating agents.
For the efficient sulfuric-acid leaching of four-valency uranium as well as nonferrous and noble metals from sulfide raw material using ferric iron as oxidizer, it seems expedient to regenerate it in the reusable leaching solutions.
The tests of the heap and underground uranium leaching showed that when the solution with рН = 2.0 and Fe (II) concentration of 1.0 g/l was treated by air–gas mixture with SO2 content of 2% under room temperature, Fe2+ oxidized to Fe3+ with the related rise in the redox potential Eh and increase in the acidity of the solution.
Oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ with the help of SO2 and air mixtures is the promising way of comprehensive uranium extraction and leaching.
Key words: uranium extraction, leaching, oxidation, sulfide raw material, ferric iron.


ХАНТУРГАЕВА Г.И., СТЯЖКИНА Е.Н. ТЕРМОХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКА МОЛИБДЕНОВЫХ КОНЦЕНТРАТОВ СКВАЖИННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
Представлены результаты электротермической ликвационной плавки низкокачественных молибденовых концентратов с сульфатом натрия. Показано, что в условиях ликвационной плавки практически весь молибден и вольфрам избирательно концентрируются в солевой фазе, что позволяет с достаточной эффективностью осуществить переработку низкосортных молибденовых концентратов.
Ключевые слова: электротермическая плавка, ликвация, молибденовый концентрат, сульфат натрия, трисульфид молибдена, вольфрамовая кислота.

HANTURGAEVA G.I., STYAZHKINA E.N. THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSING OF MOLYBDENUM CONCENTRATE
Results of electrothermic segregation smelting of low grade molybdenum concentrates with sodium sulfate are presented. It is shown that in the conditions of segregation smelting practically all molybdenum and tungsten selectively concentrate in a salt phase that allows with sufficient efficiency to carry out processing of low grade molybdenum concentrates.
The study focuses on low-quality molybdenum concentrates (LMC) of rough and recleaner flotation of rebellious molybdenum ore extracted in the southern wing of the Malo-Oinogorsky deposit (standard mining technology).
The tests of the ore preparability showed low flotation capacity, especially at the finishing stage.
It is possible to shorten the process of metal recovery from LMC and intermediate products, reduce the processed material amount and increase extraction using the combined technology of preliminary flotation to produce LMC with high molybdenum content and then thermochemical concentration with liquation of liquid melts.
Liquation melting is the process stage that, although metallurgical, belongs in chemical beneficiation: nearly finished products are obtained within single operation.
Key words: electrothermic smelting, segregation smelting, molybdenum concentrate, sodium sulfate, molybdenum trisulphide, tungsten acid.


ХРУЛЕВ А.С., ПЕРФИЛЬЕВА М.А. РАСЧЕТ ЭРЛИФТА ПРИ СКВАЖИННОЙ ГИДРОДОБЫЧЕ ПОЛЕЗНЫХ ИСКОПАЕМЫХ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО ПОДЗЕМНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ И ШАХТ
Проведен сравнительный анализ параметров эрлифтного подъёма полученных экспериментальным путем, расчетами по формуле Гейера, по балансу энергий и полученной эмпирической зависимости
Ключевые слова: скважинная гидродобыча полезных ископаемых, эрлифтный подъём.

KHRULEV A.S., PERFILEVA M.A. CALCULATION OF AIRLIFT IN HYDRAULIC BOREHOLE MINERAL MINING
The authors compare the experimental airlift data with the airlift calculations by Geier’s formula, by energy balance and from the derived empirical relation.
The calculated airlift parameters are compared with the airlift characteristics and parameters from large amount of experimental data obtained either in laboratory or in field hydraulic borehole mining of phosphorite, construction-sand and gold placers.
The calculation of airlift parameters by the energy balance inside and outside airlift allows taking into account design of an airlift tool and the lifting conditions.
The required airlift capacity is provided by varying air consumption, airlift pipe diameter and drowning ratio when washing-out is implemented in weak-permeable rocks such as permafrost sandstone formations.
The derived empirical relation for the airlift with a short suction nose-piece enables simplified calculation of the airlift parameters and yields the results close to the experimental data and the estimates by the energy balance.
Key words: hydraulic borehole mineral mining, airlift.


КУЛИКОВА Е.Ю. ВЫРАБОТКА УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ В СФЕРЕ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПОДЗЕМНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ, КОНТРОЛЬ, ДИАГНОСТИКА
Управленческие решения в сфере безопасности подземного строительства проводятся на трех системных уровнях – концептуально-оперативном, оперативном и тактическом. В выработке управленческих решений важная роль принадлежит правильному выбору модели разрешения проблемной ситуации, включающей комплекс объединенных общей целью задач. Эта модель представляет собой совокупность вербальных и формализованных задач моделирования аварийной (проблемной) ситуации, решение которых обеспечивает выбор наилучшего технологического решения при освоении подземного пространства.
Ключевые слова: безопасность, подземное строительство, аварийная (проблемная) ситуация, управленческое решение.

KULIKOVA E.YU. MAKING OF ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS IN THE FIELD OF SAFETY OF UNDERGROUND BUILDING
Administrative decisions in the field of safety of underground building are conducted on three system levels – conceptually-operative, operative and tactical. An important role in making management decision belongs to the correct model resolution of the problem situation, including problems, united by a common purpose.
This model is a combination of verbal and formal modeling tasks of hazard (problem) situation, the solution of which provides a selection of the best technological solutions for the development of underground space.
Key words: safety, underground building, emergency (problem) situation, administrative decision.


АЙНБИНДЕР И.И., ОВЧАРЕНКО О.В., ПАЦКЕВИЧ П.Г. ГЕОМЕХАНИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА НАПРЯЖЕННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ОТРАБАТЫВАЕМОГО МАССИВА ПРИ ВЫЕМКЕ ЗАПАСОВ В ОТМЕТКАХ -380/-560 М НА РУДНИКЕ «ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ»
Выполнена оценка напряженно-деформированного состояния горного массива при отработке кимберлитовой трубки «Интернациональная» сплошной слоевой системой разработки с оставлением рудного целика и формированием закладочного массива – искусственной кровли, под которой ведутся очистные работы с нисходящим порядком выемки.
Показано, что при таком варианте отработки запасов, в условиях формирующихся под действием горизонтальной составляющей исходного поля напряжений опасных зон вертикальных растягивающих деформаций, достигающих критических значений, и вызывающих расслоение и обрушение рудного и искусственного массивов, невозможно обеспечить безопасность ведения горных работ даже при ужесточении требований к прочности и устойчивости закладочного массива.
Предложен возможный вариант технологии, предусматривающий применение высокопроизводительной камерной системы и при этом обеспечивающий полноту выемки, сопоставимую со слоевыми системами.
Ключевые слова: кимберлитовая трубка, сплошная слоевая система разработки, нисходящий порядок выемки, рудный целик, искусственный целика, закладка выработанного пространства, напряженно-деформированное состояние, математическое моделирование.

AINBINDER I.I., OVCHARENKO O.V., PATSKEVICH P.G. GEOMECHANICAL RESEARCHES OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE ROCK MASS AND ITS DEVELOPMENT DURING THE MINING OF KIMBERLITE PIPE INTERNATIONAL
The article contains the results of finite element researches of the stress-strain state of the rock mass and its development during the mining of kimberlites of pipe International and recommended probable variant of the mining technology.
It is shown that with this mining method, under high horizontal stresses that initiate zones of hazardous vertical tensile strains reaching limit values and causing stratification and collapse of ore and backfill mass, it is impossible to ensure safe mining, even under tightened requirements on the backfill mass strength and stability.
The author proposes a mining method alternative with the high capacity chamber mining and extraction output comparable with the slicing system performance.
Key words: kimberlite pipe, stopping, stress-strain state, numerical modeling.


НИКИФОРОВА А.И., САНФИРОВ И.А., КАЛАШНИКОВА М.М. РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА СЛОЖНОСТИ СЕЙСМОГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СТРОЕНИЯ ШАХТНЫХ ПОЛЕЙ ВЕРХНЕКАМСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ
In chronological aspect considered finds the discovery, knowledge, terminology and usage in different spheres of varieties of the mineral corundum. Illustrates the close relationship mastering ordinary and noble corundum with the material and aesthetic evolution of mankind.
Key words: gemology, corundum, ruby, sapphire, terminology, chronology, the history of mankind, technology.

NIKIFOROVA A.I., SANFIROV I.A., KALASHNIKOVA M.M. REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE UPPER KAMA MINE FIELDS COMPLEXITY SEISMOGEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
Geological complications of evaporite sections, which caused disastrous, genetically related to the anomal structure enclosing sedimentary layers. Previous studies have found that one of the probable reasons of the "disturbed" areas formation is the influence of the underlying reef massifs. Probably the geological basis revealed regularities is the differentiation process of the bottom relief salt-origin basin due to unequal ability to postsedimentary compaction of the underlying rocks different genesis and lithology.
The influence of reef structures to the potash accumulation features is analyzed for Upper Kama deposit. Formation of weak zones in the salt series installed direct (well drilling, testing) and remote (seismic surveys, geochemical sampling) studies. The possibility of such sites presence is justified by mathematical modeling. Negative changes in the structure of potash accumulation consist in replacing rock salt producing formations, reducing their thickness and the content of useful components. In the areas of mine fields, located above the organogenic buildings, marked reduction in service life of mine workings, which is caused, apparently, a decrease of rock strength. When drilling wells in the circuit reef massif increases the likelihood of gas shows. According to the geomechanical calculations presence reef mass makes changes in the values of all operating stresses. There is increased concentration of the wave field complications in the range of the salt stratum to "reef" areas of the mine fields compared with "no reef". When profiles cross not only descent part, but the reef itself the percentage of anomalies in the reef contour compared to the rest area of the mine field is greatly increased.
Regional assessment of the mine fields structure, territorial superposed with a reef arrays is based on the analysis of data about the features structure of the saliferous complex, derived from drilling and shallow seismic studies. There is an increasing of negative changes P1 ir sediments with increasing reefs sizes. Negative changes are considered as consedimentation and postsedimentation nature. Intense negative changes in the internal structure and composition of the salt stratum are confined not only to the descents, but also to the central parts of the reef massifs represented by the crown and reef platform facies.
Key words: Upper Kama potash deposit, reef, facies, lithology, seismic, gas shows, mathematical modeling, adverse changes.



ГОРНЫЕ МАШИНЫ, ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ И ТРАНСПОРТ
Mining machinery, equipment and transport


БОЛОБОВ В.И., БАТАЛОВ А.П., БОЙЦОВ Ю.П., БОЧКОВ В.С. О ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ СРОКА СЛУЖБЫ ФУТЕРОВКИ ШАРОВОЙ МЕЛЬНИЦЫ

Рассмотрена возможность эффективного наклепа футеровки из стали 110Г13Л в случае работы шаровой мельницы без породы и бомбардировки мелющими телами непосредственно футеровочной плиты. Установлены рациональные параметры работы мельницы для осуществления эффективного наклепа.
Ключевые слова: футеровка шаровой мельницы, сталь Гадфильда, наклеп, твердость, износостойкость.

BOLOBOV V.I., BATALOV A.P., BOYTSOV YU.P., BOCHKOV V.S. CONCERNING THE POSSIBILITY OF INCREASING DURABILITY LININGS OF BALL MILLS
High-manganese steel 110G13L, or the Hadfield steel, is widely used in manufacture of mining equipment parts meant for operation in the severe abrasive wear conditions (inner lining of ball mills, jaws of jaw mills, teeth of shovel buckets).
The article considers quality of cold work hardening of 110G13L steel inner lining of a ball mill without rock feed, when grinding bodies attack directly the lining plate. The rational parameters of mill operation for the cold work hardening to be efficient are found. The dynamic hardness Нd of steel is calculated based on the steel hardness under static impression of a ball.
The calculation of ball fall velocity at the time of the lining collision, V, uses the equation of free fall of a ball thrown at an angle relative to horizon, from the highest point of the ball trajectory, H, up to the ball and lining collision point. The time of the coal work hardening of the ball mill inner lining is calculated, too.
The calculation of time for the 20-fold attack of the total inner lining surface supposes that only the outward layer balls deliver effective blows, and inward layer balls collide with the lying balls.
The ball mill life period between the coal work hardening stages is evaluated. It is proved that for the increased life (1.9 times) of the Hadfield steel inner lining plates, it is required to carry out cyclic strengthening treatment (during 12 min) of inner lining by balls with the strengthening cycle duration for 27 days.
Taking a ball mill with a central discharge (type: MBC-4500×6000) operating without rocks as an example it is shown that a bombardment of the lining by grinding bodies made of steel 110G13L directly is capable to raise its hardness from 200 to 325HB at the depth of the cold-hardened layer up to 7 mm that will approximately 2 times increase its firmness to an abrasion .The time needed for the realization of an effective bombardment is 12 minutes, the period between strengthening cold - work hardenings is 27 days.
Key words: lining of a ball mill, Hadfield’s steel, cold hardening, hardness, wear resistance.


СЕРГЕЕВ В.В. О РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИИ ОТВЕРСТИЙ В АЭРАТОРАХ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ДЛЯ ПНЕВМОТРАНСПОРТНЫХ МАШИН
Изложена методика определения места расположения отверстий на поверхности аэраторов пневмотранспортных машин камерного типа.
Ключевые слова: пневмокамерный насос, камерный пневмозарядчик, аэратор в виде плоского ложного днища, трубчатый аэратор располагаемый по оси камеры, аэратор в виде ложного цилиндроконического днища, сыпучие материалы, гранулированные взрывчатые вещества, цементная пневмопушка, торкретирование горных выработок, крепление горных выработок бетоном.

SERGEEV V.V. ON THE HOLES LOCALIZATION IN THE AERATORS OF VARIOUS TYPES FOR THE PNEUMOTRANSPORT MACHINES
The methodics of the holes localization determination on the aerators surface of the chamber-type pneumotransport machine is presented.
The calculation is aimed at finding diameters of circular pattern of hole rows. In one case, total surface area of aerator is split onto equal areas, and the number of the areas is equal to the number of the hole rows. In the other case, the flattened cone volume is divided into equal volumes, and the number of the volumes is equal to the number of the hole rows. The number of holes is the same per row, based on that areas and volumes affected by air flows from the aerator holes are the same for each hole row.
The number of holes in each row, to meet the requirement of uniform distribution of holes over the surface of aerator, so that each hole affects equal area of false bottom or equal volume of material on application of tube aerators arranged along the axis of a chamber, can be determined and allotted in proportion to the diameters or perimeters of circles the holes are arranged in.
Key words: pneumochamber pump, chamber pneumocharger, flat false bottom aerator, tube aerator on the chamber conic bottom surface, friable materials, granulated explosives, cement pneumogun, guniting of the underground workings, the underground working concrete roofing.


БАЙБАКОВА Т.В. КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ ДАННЫХ МАЛОГЛУБИННОЙ СЕЙСМОРАЗВЕДКИ В СЛОЖНЫХ ГОРНО-ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Рассмотрен пример внедрения в практику сейсморазведочных исследований, по методике общей глубинной точки, комплексной интерпретации с количественной оценкой волновых характеристик при решении задачи контроля развития техногенного соляного карста. Объект интересен тем, что на сегодняшний момент идут оседания земной поверхности и мониторинговыми сейсморазведочными работами можно наблюдать развитие соляного карста в реальном времени. Материал исследований оформлен в виде пространственно-временных диаграмм комплексного параметра, которые отображают его изменения по профилю в течение всего цикла наблюдений.
Kлючевые слова: динамические и кинематические характеристики, комплексная интерпретация, соляной карст, комплексный параметр, информативность сейсмических атрибутов, пространственно-временная оценка.


BAYBAKOVA T.V. COMPLEX INTERPRETATION OF SHALLOW SEISMIC DATA IN COMPLICATED MINE AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
The main causes of emergencies, that have arisen in the major potash basins in Germany and Canada, associated with the lack of information about the mining fields geological structure features.
One of the most significant emergencies consequences on potash mines is the formation of the earth's surface caves. The main reasons of their forming consist in intensification of technogenic salt processes.
One of the most informative geophysical methods at the study of such processes is the common depth point method seismic survey. During interpretation the complex analysis of the following wave field components: amplitude, effective velocity, frequency and signal/noise ratio is more informative. The informative estimation of the used field attributes allows to define the local inhomogeneities boundaries.
In this article the example of implementation in seismic researches practice of similar complex interpretation methodology with the wave attributes quantitative estimation in solving technogenic salt karst development control problems is considered. The object is interesting in that at the moment there is the earth's surface subsidence and monitoring seismic surveys can observe the development of salt karst in real time. All accumulated material is executed as space-time diagrams of complex parameter, that represent his changes on a profile throughout the cycle of observations.
Key words: dynamic and kinematic characteristics, complex interpretation, salt karst, complex parameter, seismic attribute informative, space-time estimation.


ЧУГАЕВ А.В. КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА МОНИТОРИНГА ПОДРАБАТЫВАЕМЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ ВОЛН
На Верхнекамском месторождении калийных солей, в связи с аварийными событиями последних нескольких лет, определены наиболее опасные участки, по которым ведутся различные мониторинговые исследования, в том числе сейсморазведочные. Проведен анализ серии измерений, полученных в процессе мониторинговых исследований аварийного участка шахтного поля затопленного рудника с помощью поверхностных волн. Сделано заключение об изменении скоростной характеристики приповерхностной части горного массива во времени, что в свою очередь является индикатором наличия негативных процессов ослабления прочностных характеристик в горном массиве. Установлена связь между уровнем грунтовых вод и значением скорости поперечных волн, эмпирически определен коэффициент связи.
Ключевые слова: многоволновая сейсморазведка, геофизический контроль, отраженные волны, поверхностные волны, мониторинг, техногенная катастрофа, безопасность горных работ, статистический анализ.

CHUGAEV A.V. QUALITY ESTIMATION CRITERIA OF UNDERMINED TERRITORY MONITORING BY SURFACE WAVES
Because of downfall incidents on Verhnekamskoe potash deposit there were defined most hazardous places. In this places are held different types of monitoring, including seismic. To estimate measured changes significance one must define criteria that allow indicate presence of changes in physical-mechanical properties of studied rock-mass interval.
There were held analysis of measurement series, get in the process of surface waves monitoring studies on mine field hazardous area of flooded pit. Three-dimensional data massive containing S waves velocities analyzed with different approaches: 1. Integral estimation of single survey, for example velocity value median all through the line with next chart plot. Defining velocity median in particular zones, which helps to control most dangerous areas. 2. Partitioning of massive V(x,h,t) to one-dimensional curves set Vx,h=f(t), each curve linear approximation, and plotting standard deviation distribution by cross-section. This distribution allows revealing areas with most unstable definition of measured parameter. 3. Linear approximation of each curve Vx,h=f(t), defining slope coefficient kx,h and plotting distribution k(x,h). This allows marking out zones with most intensive changes of velocities in cross-plot. 4. Averaging velocities by h coordinate and plotting space-time diagram V(x,t). This way also may be used averaging velocities in defined depth interval and plotting diagrams of layerwise velocities changes.
Complex of introduced methods allows making a decision about time dependent changing of velocities in rock massive shallow part, what indicates by-turn presence of negative processes weakening massif strength properties. Besides of solving main task of the research there were defined connection between level of subsoil water and value of S wave velocities, coupling coefficient empirically determined.
Key words: Multiwave seismic, geophysical control, reflective waves, surface waves, monitoring, anthropogenic disaster, mining safety, statistical analysis.


ВЫСКРЕБЕНЕЦ А.С., КИБИЗОВ С.Г. ПОДГОТОВКА УГОЛЬНОГО ТОПЛИВА В ЦЕНТРОБЕЖНЫХ ДРОБИЛЬНО-ИЗМЕЛЬЧИТЕЛЬНЫХ УСТАНОВКАХ
Рассмотрены вопросы подготовки пылеугольного топлива в центробежных дробильно-измельчительных установках. В зависимости от необходимой тонкости измельчения рекомендуются различные схемы подготовки с использованием дробильно-измельчительной установки, вибрационной мельницы и шаровой барабанной мельницы.
Ключевые слова: дробление, измельчение, минеральное сырьё, угольное топливо.

VYSKREBENETS A.S., KIBIZOV S.G. COAL PREPARATION IN CENTRIFUGAL CRUSHING–GRINDING UNITS
The article deals with the preparation of pulverized coal in rotary crushing and grinding plants. Depending on the required subtlety crushing recommended the preparation of various schemes with the use of crushing and shredding plants, vibratory mill and ball mill drum.
Crushing and grinding equipment that is now in use features high power consumption, high metal loss due to wear of active parts, contamination of ground product with metal chips and low efficiency, which amounts to a few percent in mills.
Centrifugal crushing–grinding units based on the dynamic self-grinding principle combine crushing and grinding processes in the same machine.
Two process flow sheets are offered to prepare pulverized coal depending on the fineness of grinding of the finished product. Coarse grinding can use a ball drum mill at the second milling stage, or a crushing–grinding unit in the complete cycle with separator. The parallel working area arranged between the bowl and adjust ring of the crushing–grinding unit allows size grading of the product, which is important for the fuel combustion efficiency.
Key words: crushing, grinding, minerals, coal fuel.

ГАЛИН И.А. КИНЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ СХЕМЫ ДВУХКАНАЛЬНЫХ КОНВЕЙЕРНЫХ ВЕСОВ
Предложены кинематические схемы двухканальных конвейерных весов для повышения точности взвешивания сыпучего материала на ленточных конвейерах. Точность достигается за счет выбора рациональных конструкций грузоприемных устройств (ГУ) конвейерных весов (КВ) и использования косвенных способов их калибровки и поверки, альтернативных практически нереализуемому в условиях современного производства прямому способу с использованием взвешенного на образцовых статических весах материалом.
Ключевые слова: конвейерные весы, грузоприемные устройства, лента конвейера, роликоопора.

GALIN I.A. KINEMATICS OF DUAL-CHANNEL BELT SCALE
The article describes kinematics of duel-channel belt scale meant for enhanced accuracy weighing of conveyed granular material. The accuracy is reached from selection of rational designs of the belt scale buckets and indirect calibration and checking of belt scales, which is an alternative method as against direct load weighing on reference fixed weighing machines scarcely used by the modern-day industry.
Apart from easy and prompt indirect calibration and checking, the duel-channel belt scale kinematics features simple design and assembly with the help of single idler as compared to dual idler conveyor scale on the common weighing platform.
It is not everywhere possible to install multi idler belt scale, due to tight work area, especially in enclosed space. Analysis of kinematics of any number idler belt scale should take into account systematic inaccuracy of the scale, that will govern the reference load weight.
Key words: belt scale, scale bucket, conveyor belt, idler.

ГОРЛОВ И.В., ПОЛЕТАЕВА Е.В. АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБЪЕКТА НА ОСНОВЕ СТРУКТУРНОЙ МОДЕЛИ
Предложен новый подход к прогнозированию технического состояния на основе анализа структурных моделей торфяных машин, что обеспечивает наивысшую эффективность их использования в сезон добычи.
Ключевые слова: восстановление, ремонт, диагностика, алгоритм, информационные технологии.

GORLOV I.V., POLETAEVA E.V. ANALYSIS OF CONDITION TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECT ON THE BASIS OF STRUCTURAL MODEL
Creation of a control system by state of technological elements depending on specific conditions of operation on the basis of the analysis of object’s structural model and parametrical optimization of the components which are responsible for working capacity is one of actual directions of peat cars using efficiency increasing.
Information collecting and processing on a diagnosing object condition, based on assembly units and details shortcoming identification limiting an operating time to repair provide the process’ objective component of working capacity maintenance.
For information system of working capacity maintenance realization the object model with consistently connected elements which refusal leads to refusal of all system is constructed.
Key words: the restoration, repair, diagnostics, algorithm, information technology, technical condition, structural models.


ЖЕТЕСОВ C.С., ЖЕТЕСОВА Г.С., АБДУГАЛИЕВА Г.Б., ЮРЧЕНКО В.В., МУЛКАШЕВ Е.К. СОЗДАНИЕ УСТРОЙСТВА ПО ОСВЕТЛЕНИЮ И УЛУЧШЕНИЮ КАЧЕСТВА ВОДЫ ДЛЯ ШАХТЕРСКИХ ПОСЕЛКОВ
Рассмотрены вопросы разработки и создания устройства по осветлению и улучшению качества воды для шахтерских поселков основанной на физико-химических методах воздействия на угольный массив.
Ключевые слова: осветление и улучшение качества воды для шахтерских поселков, опреснитель, физико-химические методы воздействия на угольный массив.

ZHETESOV S.S., ZHETESOVA G.S., ABDUGALIEVA G.B., YURCHENKO V.V., MULKASHEV E.K. WATER CLARIFICATION AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT EQUIPMENT FOR MINING TOWNS
The article deals with the issues of design and manufacture of equipment for water clarification and quality improvement in mining towns.
Many-years research work at the Karaganda State Technical University has resulted in the development of the water clarification and quality improvement facility based on the methods of physicochemical treatment of coal beds. The working medium is porous-solid activated carbon obtained from carbofossils or charcoal under fat wood removal or charring of polymers and used as the adsorbent. The project implementation will meet requirements of drink water supply at a rate of 5 l/min.
Key words: water clarification and quality improvement, mining town, distiller, physicochemical treatment of coal beds.


ЖЕТЕСОВ C.С., ЖЕТЕСОВА Г.С., АБДУГАЛИЕВА Г.Б., ЮРЧЕНКО В.В. РАЗРАБОТКА И ВНЕДРЕНИЕ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ ДЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРОПИТАНИЯ ШАХТЕРСКИХ ПОСЕЛКОВ С НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ 1000 ЧЕЛОВЕК И БОЛЕЕ
Рассмотрены вопросы разработки и внедрения альтернативного электроснабжения шахтерских поселков с населением 1000 человек и более.
Ключевые слова: альтернативный источник энергии, озерно-водоемная и глубинная мини или нано ГЭС.

ZHETESOV S.S., ZHETESOVA G.S., ABDUGALIEVA G.B., YURCHENKO V.V. DEVELOPMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ELECTRIC ENERGY SOURCES FOR MINING TOWNS WITH POPULATION OF 1000 AND ABOVE
The article focuses on development and introduction of alternative energy supply of mining towns with population of 1000 and above.
The novelty of the research project is the use of the hydrostatic pressure of water fall from the height of 10 m and higher in the turbine installations of the type of the Kaplan turbine or other new systems.
The research result is the design of alternative energy sources for remote mining towns.
To implement the project staff of the Military Technical Laboratory. First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan proposed Pond and lake-depth mini-hydro. EFFECT - ecological safety of the plant design, the absence of adverse effects on water quality, the use in small natural and artificial reservoirs without water flow.
Key words: alternative energy source, lake and deep-water mini or nano hydropower installation.


ЖЕТЕСОВ C.С., ЖЕТ

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